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Academic Journal
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P DN; Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Jardim Santa Luiza, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, Limeira, São Paulo, 1300CEP 13484350, Brazil.
B F; Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil.
T F; Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Jardim Santa Luiza, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, Limeira, São Paulo, 1300CEP 13484350, Brazil.
Ldm F; Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Jardim Santa Luiza, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, Limeira, São Paulo, 1300CEP 13484350, Brazil.
B MF; Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Jardim Santa Luiza, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, Limeira, São Paulo, 1300CEP 13484350, Brazil.
M BR; Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Jardim Santa Luiza, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, Limeira, São Paulo, 1300CEP 13484350, Brazil.
M M; Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital of Lugano (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland.
S TA; Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Jardim Santa Luiza, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, Limeira, São Paulo, 1300CEP 13484350, Brazil.
M EA; Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Jardim Santa Luiza, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, Limeira, São Paulo, 1300CEP 13484350, Brazil. andrea.esteves@fca.unicamp.br. -
Biological trace element research [Biol Trace Elem Res] 2023 Apr; Vol. 201 (4), pp. 1639-1647. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 17.
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English
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Although it is known that regular physical activity is recommended as part of a healthy lifestyle, the number of data concerning efficacy of exercise and your relationship with a demand for iron during pregnancy is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between iron supplementation and exercise during pregnancy on the behavior of rats. Molecular variables dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine receptor (D2) related to the locomotor behavior in response to the exercise and the iron supplemented diet were investigated. Sixty-day-old female Wistar rats were used. The pregnant rats were distributed into the following groups: standard diet (SD, n = 7), iron supplementation (IS, n = 9), exercise (EX, n = 10), and exercise + iron supplementation (EX + IS, n = 9). All rats in both the pregnant and non-pregnant groups were submitted to open-field tests. The iron supplementation diet was shown to reduce locomotor behaviors, with reduced central and peripheral ambulation, reduced rearing, and increased freezing. On the other hand, physical exercise caused an increase in central and peripheral ambulation, and in rearing. The expression of the D2 receptor protein and the dopamine transporter DAT did not show changes with the interventions over 21 days of pregnancy. In this context, the present study demonstrated that both iron supplementation and exercise exerted an influence during pregnancy on the behavior of rats, however, with different effects.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Additional Information
Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7911509 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-0720 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01634984 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biol Trace Elem Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Original Publication: [London, Clifton, N. J.] Humana Press.
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Lozoff B (2011) Early iron deficiency has brain and behavior effects consistent with dopaminergic dysfunction. J Nutr 141(4):740S-746S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.131169. (PMID: 10.3945/jn.110.131169213461043056585)
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Fujita M, Hagino Y, Takeda T, Kasai S, Tanaka M, Takamatsu Y, Kobayashi K, Ikeda K (2017). Light/dark phase-dependent spontaneous activity is maintained in dopamine-deficient mice. Mol. Brain. 16, 10(1),49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-017-0329-4 .
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Qu S, Le W, Zhang X, Xie W (2007) Locomotion is increased in A11-lesioned mice with iron deprivation : a possible animal model for restless legs syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 66:383–388. https://doi.org/10.1097/nen.0b013e3180517b5f. (PMID: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3180517b5f17483695)
Felt BT, Beard JL, Schallert T, Shao J, Aldridge JW, Connor JR, Georgieff MK, Lozoff B (2006) Persistent neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities in adulthood despite early iron supplementation for perinatal iron deficiency anemia in rats. Behav Brain Res 171:261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2006.04.001. (PMID: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.04.001167136401851886)
Reeves PG (1997) Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet. J Nutr 127(5 Suppl):838S-841S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.5.838S. (PMID: 10.1093/jn/127.5.838S9164249)
Marcondes FK, Bianchi FJ, Tanno AP (2002) Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations. Brazilian J Biol 62:609–614. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842002000400008. (PMID: 10.1590/s1519-69842002000400008)
Gould TD, (2009). Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice: Characterization Using Behavioral Tests (Humana Press, New York) 42, 1–20.
De Lima AA, Gobatto CA, Messias LHD, Scariot PPM, Forte LDM, Santin JO, Manchado-Gobatto FB (2017) Two water environment adaptation models enhance motor behavior and improve the success of the lactate minimum test in swimming rats. Motriz Rev Educ Fis 23:e101607. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0009. (PMID: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0009)
Corvino SB, Damasceno DC, Sinzato YK, Netto AO, Macedo NCD, Zambrano E, Volpato GT (2017) Comparative analysis of two different models of swimming applied to pregnant rats born small for pregnant age. An Acad Bras Cienc 89:223–230. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160285. (PMID: 10.1590/0001-376520172016028528423082)
Milman N (2006) Iron and pregnancy–a delicate balance. Ann Hematol 85:559–565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-006-0108-2. (PMID: 10.1007/s00277-006-0108-216691399)
Bothwell TH, Charlton RW (1979) Current problems of iron overload. Recent Results Cancer Res 69:87–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81371-9_10. (PMID: 10.1007/978-3-642-81371-9_10382311)
Mariano MO, Esteves AM, Frank MK, Caperuto LC, Manconi M, Tufik S, De Mello MT (2014) Changes in motor behavior during pregnancy in rats: the basis for a possible animal model of restless legs syndrome. Rev Bras Ginecol Obs 36(10):436–441. https://doi.org/10.1590/SO100-720320140005105. (PMID: 10.1590/SO100-720320140005105)
Berry RB, Brooks R, Gamaldo CE, Harding SM, Lloyd RM, Marcus CL, Vaughn BV, (2015). The AASM manual of the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications, version 2.2. www.aasmnet.org . Darien, Illinois: American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Birgegård G, Schneider K, Ulfberg J (2010) High incidence of iron depletion and restless leg syndrome (RLS) in regular blood donors: Intravenous iron sucrose substitution more effective than oral iron. Vox Sang 99:354–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01368.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01368.x20598107)
Daubian-Nosé P, Frank MK, Esteves AM (2014) Sleep disorders: a review of the interface between restless legs syndrome and iron metabolism. Sleep Sci 7:234–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slsci.2014.10.002. (PMID: 10.1016/j.slsci.2014.10.002264839344608891)
Jolles J, Rompa-Barendregt J, Gispen WH (1979) Novelty and grooming behaviour in the rat. Behav Neural Biol 25:563–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-1047(79)90362-5. (PMID: 10.1016/S0163-1047(79)90362-5)
Beard J, Erikson KM, Jones BC (2002) Neurobehavioral analysis of developmental iron deficiency in rats. Behav Brain Res 134:517–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00092-x. (PMID: 10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00092-x12191838)
Ashkenazi R, Ben-Shachar D, Youdim M (1982) Nutritional iron and dopamine binding sites in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 17(1):43–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(82)90509-3. (PMID: 10.1016/0091-3057(82)90509-37184034)
Erikson KM, Pinero DJ, Connor JR, Beard JL (1997) Regional brain iron, ferritin and transferrin concentrations during iron deficiency and iron repletion in developing rats. J Nutr 127:2030–2038. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.10.2030. (PMID: 10.1093/jn/127.10.20309311961)
Nelson C, Erikson K, Piñero DJ, Beard JL (1997) In vivo dopamine metabolism is altered in iron-deficient anemic rats. J Nutr 127(12):2282–2288. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.12.2282. (PMID: 10.1093/jn/127.12.22829405575)
Klein CP, Hoppe JB, Saccomori AB, Dos Santos BG, Sagini JP, Crestani MS, August PM, Hözer RM, Grings M, Parmeggiani B, Leipnitz G, Navas P, Salbego CG, Matté C., (2019). Physical exercise during pregnancy prevents cognitive impairment induced by amyloid-β in adult offspring rats. Mol Neurobiol. Mar;56(3):2022–2038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1210-x .
Franco B, Mota DS, Daubian-Nosé P, Rodrigues NA, Simino LAP, de Fante T, Bezerra RMN, Manchado Gobatto FB, Manconi M, Torsoni AS, Esteves AM., (2021). Iron deficiency in pregnancy: influence on sleep, behavior, and molecular markers of adult male offspring. J Neurosci Res. Dec;99(12):3325–3338. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24968 .
Prut L, Belzung C (2003) The open field as paradigma to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review. Eur J Pharmacol 463(1–3):3–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01272-x. (PMID: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01272-x12600700)
Manconi M, Hutchins W, Feroah TR, Zucconi M, Ferini-Strambi L (2007) On the pathway of an animal model for restless legs syndrome. Neurol Sci 28(Suppl. 1):S53–S60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-007-0738-8. (PMID: 10.1007/s10072-007-0738-817235432)
Berton O, Ramos A, Chaouloff F, Mormède P (1997) Behavioral reactivity to social and nonsocial stimulations, a multivariate analysis on six inbred rat strains. Behav Genet 27(2):155–166. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025641509809. (PMID: 10.1023/a:10256415098099145554)
Zhang AS, Enns CA (2009) Iron homeostasis: recently identified proteins provide insight into novel control mechanisms. J Biol Chem 284:711–715. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.R800017200. (PMID: 10.1074/jbc.R800017200187573632613612)
WHO (2015) The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Manconi M, Govoni V, De Vito A, Economou NT, Cesnik E, Casetta I, Mollica G, Ferini-Strambi L, Granieri E (2004). Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy. Neurology. Sep 28;63(6):1065–9. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000138427.83574.a6 .
Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards JW, Rosner BA, Willett WC (2006) Iron intake and risk of ovulatory infertility. Obstet Gynecol 108(5):1145–1152. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000238333.37423.ab. (PMID: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000238333.37423.ab17077236)
Kolesarova A, Capcarova M, Bakova Z, Galik B, Juracek M, Simko M, Sirotkin AV (2011). The effect of bee pollen on secretion activity, markers of proliferation and apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. J Environ Sci Health B. 2011;46(3):207–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2011.540202 .
Lozoff B (2011) Early iron deficiency has brain and behavior effects consistent with dopaminergic dysfunction. J Nutr 141(4):740S-746S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.131169. (PMID: 10.3945/jn.110.131169213461043056585)
Wiesinger JA, Buwen JP, Cifelli CJ, Unger EL, Jones BC, Beard JL (2007). Down-regulation of dopamine transporter by iron chelation in vitro is mediated by altered trafficking, not synthesis. J Neurochem. Jan;100(1):167–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04175.x .
Hagino Y, Kasai S, Fujita M, Setogawa S, Yamaura H, Yanagihara D, Hashimoto M, Kobayashi K, Meltzer HY, Ikeda K (2015) Involvement of cholinergic system in hyperactivity in dopamine-deficient mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 40:1141–1150. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.295. (PMID: 10.1038/npp.2014.29525367503)
Fujita M, Hagino Y, Takeda T, Kasai S, Tanaka M, Takamatsu Y, Kobayashi K, Ikeda K (2017). Light/dark phase-dependent spontaneous activity is maintained in dopamine-deficient mice. Mol. Brain. 16, 10(1),49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-017-0329-4 .
Ferré S, Quiroz C, Guitart X, Rea W, Seyedian A, Moreno E, Casadó-Anguera V, Díaz-Ríos M, Casadó V, Clemens S, Allen RP, Earley CJ, García-Borreguero D (2018). Pivotal role of adenosine neurotransmission in restless legs syndrome. Front Neurosci. Jan 8;11:722. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00722 .
Alaunyte I, Stojceska V, Plunkett A (2015) Iron and the female athlete: a review of dietary treatment methods for improving iron status and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 12:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0099-2. (PMID: 10.1186/s12970-015-0099-2264487374596414)
Szymanski LM, Satin AJ (2012) Exercise during pregnancy: fetal responses to current public health guidelines. Obstet Gynecol 119(3):603–610. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824760b5. (PMID: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824760b5223148723297473)
Means RT (2020). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia: implications and impact in pregnancy, fetal development, and early childhood parameters. Nutrients. Feb 11;12(2):447. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020447 .
Campos AS et al. (2016). Guia brasileiro de produção, manutenção ou utilização de animais em atividades de ensino ou pesquisa científica. In: BRASIL. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Gabinete do Ministro. Conselho Nacional de Controle de Experimentação Animal. Guia brasileiro de produção, manutenção ou utilização de animais em atividades de ensino ou pesquisa científica: fascículo 1. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, p. 7–39.
Qu S, Le W, Zhang X, Xie W (2007) Locomotion is increased in A11-lesioned mice with iron deprivation : a possible animal model for restless legs syndrome. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 66:383–388. https://doi.org/10.1097/nen.0b013e3180517b5f. (PMID: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3180517b5f17483695)
Felt BT, Beard JL, Schallert T, Shao J, Aldridge JW, Connor JR, Georgieff MK, Lozoff B (2006) Persistent neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities in adulthood despite early iron supplementation for perinatal iron deficiency anemia in rats. Behav Brain Res 171:261–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2006.04.001. (PMID: 10.1016/j.bbr.2006.04.001167136401851886)
Reeves PG (1997) Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet. J Nutr 127(5 Suppl):838S-841S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.5.838S. (PMID: 10.1093/jn/127.5.838S9164249)
Marcondes FK, Bianchi FJ, Tanno AP (2002) Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations. Brazilian J Biol 62:609–614. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842002000400008. (PMID: 10.1590/s1519-69842002000400008)
Gould TD, (2009). Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice: Characterization Using Behavioral Tests (Humana Press, New York) 42, 1–20.
De Lima AA, Gobatto CA, Messias LHD, Scariot PPM, Forte LDM, Santin JO, Manchado-Gobatto FB (2017) Two water environment adaptation models enhance motor behavior and improve the success of the lactate minimum test in swimming rats. Motriz Rev Educ Fis 23:e101607. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0009. (PMID: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0009)
Corvino SB, Damasceno DC, Sinzato YK, Netto AO, Macedo NCD, Zambrano E, Volpato GT (2017) Comparative analysis of two different models of swimming applied to pregnant rats born small for pregnant age. An Acad Bras Cienc 89:223–230. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160285. (PMID: 10.1590/0001-376520172016028528423082)
Milman N (2006) Iron and pregnancy–a delicate balance. Ann Hematol 85:559–565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-006-0108-2. (PMID: 10.1007/s00277-006-0108-216691399)
Bothwell TH, Charlton RW (1979) Current problems of iron overload. Recent Results Cancer Res 69:87–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81371-9_10. (PMID: 10.1007/978-3-642-81371-9_10382311)
Mariano MO, Esteves AM, Frank MK, Caperuto LC, Manconi M, Tufik S, De Mello MT (2014) Changes in motor behavior during pregnancy in rats: the basis for a possible animal model of restless legs syndrome. Rev Bras Ginecol Obs 36(10):436–441. https://doi.org/10.1590/SO100-720320140005105. (PMID: 10.1590/SO100-720320140005105)
Berry RB, Brooks R, Gamaldo CE, Harding SM, Lloyd RM, Marcus CL, Vaughn BV, (2015). The AASM manual of the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications, version 2.2. www.aasmnet.org . Darien, Illinois: American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Birgegård G, Schneider K, Ulfberg J (2010) High incidence of iron depletion and restless leg syndrome (RLS) in regular blood donors: Intravenous iron sucrose substitution more effective than oral iron. Vox Sang 99:354–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01368.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01368.x20598107)
Daubian-Nosé P, Frank MK, Esteves AM (2014) Sleep disorders: a review of the interface between restless legs syndrome and iron metabolism. Sleep Sci 7:234–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slsci.2014.10.002. (PMID: 10.1016/j.slsci.2014.10.002264839344608891)
Jolles J, Rompa-Barendregt J, Gispen WH (1979) Novelty and grooming behaviour in the rat. Behav Neural Biol 25:563–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-1047(79)90362-5. (PMID: 10.1016/S0163-1047(79)90362-5)
Beard J, Erikson KM, Jones BC (2002) Neurobehavioral analysis of developmental iron deficiency in rats. Behav Brain Res 134:517–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00092-x. (PMID: 10.1016/s0166-4328(02)00092-x12191838)
Ashkenazi R, Ben-Shachar D, Youdim M (1982) Nutritional iron and dopamine binding sites in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 17(1):43–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(82)90509-3. (PMID: 10.1016/0091-3057(82)90509-37184034)
Erikson KM, Pinero DJ, Connor JR, Beard JL (1997) Regional brain iron, ferritin and transferrin concentrations during iron deficiency and iron repletion in developing rats. J Nutr 127:2030–2038. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.10.2030. (PMID: 10.1093/jn/127.10.20309311961)
Nelson C, Erikson K, Piñero DJ, Beard JL (1997) In vivo dopamine metabolism is altered in iron-deficient anemic rats. J Nutr 127(12):2282–2288. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.12.2282. (PMID: 10.1093/jn/127.12.22829405575)
Klein CP, Hoppe JB, Saccomori AB, Dos Santos BG, Sagini JP, Crestani MS, August PM, Hözer RM, Grings M, Parmeggiani B, Leipnitz G, Navas P, Salbego CG, Matté C., (2019). Physical exercise during pregnancy prevents cognitive impairment induced by amyloid-β in adult offspring rats. Mol Neurobiol. Mar;56(3):2022–2038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1210-x .
Franco B, Mota DS, Daubian-Nosé P, Rodrigues NA, Simino LAP, de Fante T, Bezerra RMN, Manchado Gobatto FB, Manconi M, Torsoni AS, Esteves AM., (2021). Iron deficiency in pregnancy: influence on sleep, behavior, and molecular markers of adult male offspring. J Neurosci Res. Dec;99(12):3325–3338. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24968 .
Prut L, Belzung C (2003) The open field as paradigma to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review. Eur J Pharmacol 463(1–3):3–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01272-x. (PMID: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01272-x12600700)
Manconi M, Hutchins W, Feroah TR, Zucconi M, Ferini-Strambi L (2007) On the pathway of an animal model for restless legs syndrome. Neurol Sci 28(Suppl. 1):S53–S60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-007-0738-8. (PMID: 10.1007/s10072-007-0738-817235432)
Berton O, Ramos A, Chaouloff F, Mormède P (1997) Behavioral reactivity to social and nonsocial stimulations, a multivariate analysis on six inbred rat strains. Behav Genet 27(2):155–166. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025641509809. (PMID: 10.1023/a:10256415098099145554)
Keywords: Animal model; Behavior; Iron supplementation; Physical activity; Pregnancy
0 (Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins)
E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine)
E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine)
Date Created: 20220617 Date Completed: 20230217 Latest Revision: 20230217
20230217
10.1007/s12011-022-03306-3
35715717