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Mesolimbic dopamine adapts the rate of learning from action.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Nature [Nature] 2023 Feb; Vol. 614 (7947), pp. 294-302. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 18.
Abstract: Recent success in training artificial agents and robots derives from a combination of direct learning of behavioural policies and indirect learning through value functions 1-3 . Policy learning and value learning use distinct algorithms that optimize b...
Structured cerebellar connectivity supports resilient pattern separation.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Nature [Nature] 2023 Jan; Vol. 613 (7944), pp. 543-549. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 23.
Abstract: The cerebellum is thought to help detect and correct errors between intended and executed commands 1,2 and is critical for social behaviours, cognition and emotion 3-6 . Computations for motor control must be performed quickly to correct errors in real...
Evaluating the statistical similarity of neural network activity and connectivity via eigenvector angles.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Bio Systems [Biosystems] 2023 Jan; Vol. 223, pp. 104813. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 29.
Abstract: Neural systems are networks, and strategic comparisons between multiple networks are a prevalent task in many research scenarios. In this study, we construct a statistical test for the comparison of matrices representing pairwise aspects of neural netw...
The whisking oscillator circuit.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Nature [Nature] 2022 Sep; Vol. 609 (7927), pp. 560-568. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 31.
Abstract: Central oscillators are primordial neural circuits that generate and control rhythmic movements 1,2 . Mechanistic understanding of these circuits requires genetic identification of the oscillator neurons and their synaptic connections to enable targete...
Social trauma engages lateral septum circuitry to occlude social reward.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Nature [Nature] 2023 Jan; Vol. 613 (7945), pp. 696-703. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 30.
Abstract: In humans, traumatic social experiences can contribute to psychiatric disorders 1 . It is suggested that social trauma impairs brain reward function such that social behaviour is no longer rewarding, leading to severe social avoidance 2,3 . In rodents,...
A cortico-collicular circuit for orienting to shelter during escape.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Nature [Nature] 2023 Jan; Vol. 613 (7942), pp. 111-119. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 21.
Abstract: When faced with predatory threats, escape towards shelter is an adaptive action that offers long-term protection against the attacker. Animals rely on knowledge of safe locations in the environment to instinctively execute rapid shelter-directed escape...
Layer-specific pain relief pathways originating from primary motor cortex.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2022 Dec 23; Vol. 378 (6626), pp. 1336-1343. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 22.
Abstract: The primary motor cortex (M1) is involved in the control of voluntary movements and is extensively mapped in this capacity. Although the M1 is implicated in modulation of pain, the underlying circuitry and causal underpinnings remain elusive. We unexpe...
Altered brain connectivity during visual stimulation in schizophrenia.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Experimental brain research [Exp Brain Res] 2022 Dec; Vol. 240 (12), pp. 3327-3337. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 02.
Abstract: Schizophrenia (SCZ) can be described as a functional dysconnectivity syndrome that affects brain connectivity and circuitry. However, little is known about how sensory stimulation modulates network parameters in schizophrenia, such as their small-world...
Prenatal immune stress blunts microglia reactivity, impairing neurocircuitry.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Nature [Nature] 2022 Oct; Vol. 610 (7931), pp. 327-334. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 28.
Abstract: Recent studies suggested that microglia, the primary brain immune cells, can affect circuit connectivity and neuronal function 1,2 . Microglia infiltrate the neuroepithelium early in embryonic development and are maintained in the brain throughout adul...
Maturation and circuit integration of transplanted human cortical organoids.
Publication Type: Academic Journal
Source(s): Nature [Nature] 2022 Oct; Vol. 610 (7931), pp. 319-326. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 12.
Abstract: Self-organizing neural organoids represent a promising in vitro platform with which to model human development and disease 1-5 . However, organoids lack the connectivity that exists in vivo, which limits maturation and makes integration with other circ...